Eloquence Is "Obsolete". We're Hurting. That's Redundant.

Code is meant to be read, understood, maintained and reused by humans, and incidentally to be executed by a computer. Doing the second correctly is far, far less difficult than doing the first well. Innovation is utterly meaningless without effective communication, and that is at least as true within a team as between it and a larger organisation, or between a company and its (current and potential) customers.

The degree to which a class framework, or any other tool, helps make communication more effective with less effort and error should be the main determinant of its success. It isn't, for at least two reasons. One, of course, is marketing; we as a society have been conditioned not to contest the assertion that the better-marketed product is in fact superior. In so doing, we abdicate a large degree of our affirmative participation in the evolution of, and the control over society at the small (team/company), mid-level (industry) and wider levels. We, as individuals or organisations, devolve from customers (participants in a conversation, known as a 'market', in which we have choices) into consumers (gullets whose purpose is to gulp endless products and crap cash).

More worrying is that effective, literate communication has gone completely out of fashion. Whether or not you blame that on the systematic laying waste of the educational system over the last thirty years, it's increasingly nonsensical to argue with the effect. People are less able to build understanding and consensus because they do not have the language skills to communicate effectively, and have been conditioned not to view that as a critical problem urgently requiring remediation. Oh, you'll hear politicians bloviating about how "the workforce needs to improve" or "education most be 'reformed' for the new era", but that's too often a device used to mollify public opinion, make it appear as though the politicians are Doing Something effective, and especially to preempt any truly effective public discussion leading to consensus that might effect real socioeconomic improvement rather than the "Hope and Change"™ genuine imitation snake oil that's been peddled for far too long.

Back on the subject of developers and tools, I would thus argue that what tools you use are a secondary concern; if you don't understand code that's been written, by others or (especially) by you, then a) that code can't be trusted to do anything in particular because b) someone didn't do their job.

Your job, as a developer, is to communicate your intent and understanding of the solution to a specifically-defined problem in such a way that the solution, and the problem, can be readily undestood, used, and built upon by any competent, literate individual or team following you. (Again, explicitly including yourself; how many times have you picked up code from a year or a decade before, that you have some degree of pride in, only to be horrified at how opaque, convoluted or incomprehensible it is?) Some computer languages make that effective communication easier and more reliable than others; some choose to limit their broad generality to focus on addressing a narrower range of applications more effectively and expressively.

That has, of course, now progressed to the logical extreme of domain-specific languages. General-purpose languages such as C, Ruby or Python try to be everything but the kitchen sink, and too often succeed; this makes accomplishing any specific task effectively and eloquently incrementally more difficult. DSLs are definitions of how a particular type of problem (or even an individual problem, singular) can be conceptualised and implemented; a program written in a proper DSL should concisely, eloquently and provably solve the problem for which it was written. This has sparked something of a continuing revolution in the craft and industry of software development; general-purpose languages arose, in part, because writing languages that are both precise enough to be understood by computers and expressive enough to be used by humans is hard; it still is. DSLs take advantage of the greatly-evolved capabilities of tools which exist to create other tools, compared with their predecessors of just a few years ago.

But the language you use to develop a program is completely irrelevant if you can't communicate with other people about your program and the ecosystem surrounding and supporting it. If half the industry reads and writes on a fifth-grade level, then we're literally unable to improve as we should.

To paraphrase the television-show title, it doesn't matter if we're smarter than a fifth-grader if that's the level at which we communicate. Improving that requires urgent, sustained and concerted attention — not only to make us better software developers, but to make the larger world in which we live a better place. Let's start by at least being able to communicate and discuss what "better" means. That in itself would be an epochal improvement, saving entire societies from becoming obsolete.

In Praise of Robust Tools and of The Future™

One of the best points about doing Web development in PHP is that it's so widely used; several respectable estimates by organizations that get paid to find these things out say that some varying number north of 50% of all sites on the World Wide Web use PHP as their implementation language. This includes numerous content management systems, or CMS, such as WordPress, Joomla! and Drupal.

One of the far-less-good points about doing Web development in PHP is that it's so widely used; the (evolving) "standard" set of tools, in true open-source fashion, are assembled and maintained by an ad-hoc band of individual and small-corporate luminaries, on infrastructure that worked just fine back when any given server was hit a couple of thousand times a year; by continuing to rely on (what to the outside Net appear to be) individual servers without terribly huge pipes connecting them to the larger Internet, the infrastructure completely fails when that's scaled up by a factor of a thousand or ten.

Web developers using PHP are highly dependent on an extension architecture/platform called PEAR, the "PHP Extension and Application Repository." Singular. Well, for any given extension or application, it's singular. So, as the user base scales upwards, popular tools that go through a vigorous release cycle, the servers they're hosted on (and network choke points between large subsets of users and those servers) start having reliability problems; transfers slow to a crawl, or fizzle out entirely. (One such transfer this evening proceeded at a sedate 600 bytes per second. Not kilobytes: bytes. That's 1980s dial-up speed.)

Developers in other languages have similar tools; Rubyists have gems available from sites like rubygems.org; Pythonistas have eggs. But somehow I hear a lot less grumbling, and do less of my own, when the subjects of gems or eggs come up; they seem to Just Work™ – which indicates that the network infrastructure is a lot more robust; either larger "pipes" and/or more, distributed servers such as with a CDN.

Trying to access servers like this from Second World cities like Singapore that apparently devote more resources to content filtering/monitoring than easing congestion doesn't help either. Hey, SingNet and M"D"A, how come it takes ten hops to get off an island that's barely that many miles across? If we want to plug Singapore into the "new global economy," having grotesquely under-resourced connections is not helpful.

But back to the main subject: If PHP is going to continue its phenomenally successful growth, then the infrastructure is going to have to decentralise, aggressively. Having essential tools like PEAR and the PHPUnit repository available only from a single point ensures that single points of failure will continue to seriously compromise the PHP ecosystem. No access to servers, no access to tools. No access to tools, then development of PHP artifacts with reasonable efficiency and economy is severely degraded.

In other words, the status quo is a limiting factor on future growth and success. However, as many will be quick to point out, building infrastructure costs money – for hardware, for connectivity, for the paid labour of skilled craftspeople and professionals to create, install, operate and maintain this enhanced infrastructure. No explicit means of funding such an endeavour presently exists, at least not to my knowledge.

So where do we go from here, PHP community?>

Those were the days, my friend...but they're OVER.

No, I'm not talking about Facebook and the idea that people should have some control over how their own information makes money for people they never imagined. That's another post. This is a shout out to the software folk out there, and the wannabe software folk, who wonder why nobody outside their own self-selecting circles seems to get excited about software anymore.

Back in the early days of personal computers, from 1977 to roughly 2000, hardware capabilities imposed a real upper limit on software performance and capabilities. More and more people bought more and more new computers so they could do more and more stuff that simply wasn't practical on the earlier models. Likewise, whenever any software package managed something revolutionary, or did something in a new way that goosed performance beyond what any competitor could deliver, that got attention...until the next generation of hardware meant that even middle-of-the-road software was "better" (by whatever measure) than the best of what could happen before.

After about 2000, the speed curve that the CPUs had been climbing flattened out quite a lot. CPU vendors like Intel and AMD changed the competition to more efficient designs and multi-core processors. Operating systems – Linux, Mac OS X and even Microsoft Windows – found ways to at least begin to take advantage of the new architectures by farming tasks out to different cores. Development tools went through changes as well; new or "rediscovered" languages like Python and Forth that could handle multiprocessing (usually by multithreading) or parallel processing became popular, and "legacy" languages like C++ and even COBOL now have multithreading libraries and/or extensions.

With a new (or at least revamped) set of tools in the toolbox, we software developers were ready to go forth and deliver great new multi-everything applications. Except, as we found out, there was one stubborn problem.

Most people (and firms) involved in software application development don't have the foggiest idea how to do multithreading efficiently, and even fewer can really wrap their heads around parallel processing. So, to draw an analogy, we have these nice, shiny new Porsche 997 GT3s being driven all over, but very few people know how to get the vehicle out of first gear.

I started thinking about this earlier this evening, as I read an article on Lloyd Chambers' Mac Performance Guide for Digital Photographers & Performance Addicts (pointed to in turn by Jason O'Grady and David Morgenstern's Speedtest article on ZDNet's Apple blog. One bit in Chambers' article particularly caught my eye:

With Photoshop CS4/CS5, there is also increased overhead with 8 cores due to CS5 implementation weakness; it’s just not very smart about knowing how many threads are useful, so it wastes time and memory allocating too many threads for tasks that won’t even benefit from them.

In case you've been stuck in Microsoft Office for Windows for the last 15 years, I'll translate for you: The crown-jewels application for Adobe, one of the oldest and largest non-mainframe software companies in history, has an architecture on its largest-selling target hardware platform that is either too primitive or defective to make efficient use of that platform. This is on a newly released version of a very mature product, that probably sells a similar proportion of Macs to the proportion of Windows PCs justified by Microsoft Office (which is even better on the Mac, by the way). Adobe are also infamous among Mac users and developers for dragging their feet horribly in supporting current technologies; CS5 is the first version of Adobe Creative Suite that even begins to support OS X natively – an OS which has been around since 2001.

I've known some of the guys developing for Adobe, and they're not stupid...even if they believe that their management could give codinghorror.com enough material to take it "all the way to CS50." But I don't recall even Dilbert's Pointy Haired Boss never actually told his team to code stupid, even if he did resort to bribery (PHB announces he'll pay $10 for every bug fix. Wally says, "Hooray! I'm gonna code me a minivan!"...i.e., several thousand [fixed] bugs).

No, Adobe folk aren't stupid, per se; they're just held back by the same forces that hold back too many in our craft...chiefly inertia and consistently being pushed to cut corners. Even (especially?) if you fire the existing team and ship the work off halfway around the world to a bunch of cheaper guys, that's a non-solution to only part of the problem. Consider, as a counterexample, medicine; in particular, open-heart surgery. Let's say that Dr. X develops a refinement to standard technique that dramatically improves success rates and survival lifetimes for heart patients he operates on. He, or a colleague under his direct instruction, will write up a paper or six that get published in professional journals – that nearly everybody connected with his profession reads. More research gets done that confirms the efficacy of his technique, and within a fairly short period of time, that knowledge becomes widespread among heart surgeons. Not (only) because the new kids coming up learned it in school, but because the experienced professionals got trained up as part of their continuing education, required to keep their certification and so on.

What does software development have in common with that – or in fact, with any profession? To qualify as a profession, on the level of the law, accounting, medicine, the military, or so on, a profession is generally seen as

• Individuals who maintain high standards of ethics and practice;

• who collectively act as gatekeepers by disciplining or disqualifying individuals who fail to maintain those standards;

• who have been found through impartial examination to hold sufficient mastery of a defined body of knowledge common to all qualified practitioners, including recent advances;

• that mastery being retained and renewed by regular continuing education of at least a minimum duration and scope throughout each segment of their careers;

• the cost of that continuing education being knowingly directly or indirectly subsidised by the professional's clients and/or employer;

• such that these professionals are recognised by the public at large as being exclusively capable of performing their duties with an assuredly high level of competence, diligence and care;

• and, in exchange for that exclusivity, give solemn, binding assurances that their professional activities will not in any way contravene the public good.

Whether every doctor (or accountant, or military officer, or lawyer) actually functions at that level at all times is less of a point than that that is what is expected and required; what defines them as being "a breed apart" from the casual hobbyist. For instance, in the US and most First World countries, an electrician or gas-fitter is required to be properly educated and licensed. This didn't happen just because some "activists" decided it was a good idea; it was a direct response to events like the New London School explosion. By contrast, in many other countries (such as Singapore, where I live now), there is no such requirement; it seems that anybody can go buy himself the equipment, buy a business license (so that the government is reassured they'll get their taxes), and he can start plastering stickers all over town with his name, cell phone number and "Electrical Repair" or whatever, and wait for customers to call.

Bringing this back to software, my point is this: there is currently no method to ensure that new knowledge is reliably disseminated among practitioners of what is now the craft of software development. And while true professionals have the legal right to refuse to do something in an unsafe or unethical manner (a civil engineer, for example, cannot sign off on a design that he has reason to believe would endanger public users/bystanders, and without properly-executed declarations by such an engineer, the project may not legally be built). Software developers have no such right. Even as software has a greater role in people's life from one day to the next, the process by which that software is designed, developed and maintained is just as ad hoc as the guy walking around Tampines stuffing advertisements for his brother's aircon-repair service under every door. (We get an amazing amount of such litter here.)

Adobe may eventually get Creative Suite fixed. Perhaps CS10 or even CS7 will deliver twice the performance on an 8-core processor than on a 4-core one. But they won't do it unless they can cost-justify the improvement, and the costs are going to be much higher than they might be in a world where efficient, modern software-development techniques were a professionally-enforced norm.

That world is not the one we live in, at least not today. My recurring fear is that it will take at least one New London fire with loss of life, or a software-induced BP Deep Horizon-class environmental catastrophe, for that to start to happen. And, as always, the first (several) iterations won't get it right – they'll be driven by politics and public opinion, two sources of unshakable opinion which have been proven time and again to be hostile to professional realities.

We need a better way. Now, if not sooner.

Rant - can people at least engage brains before asking stupid questions? (Or: Paging Andy Rooney)

I read several different development blogs and message boards, such as those associated with phpclasses.org, codeproject.com, IBM DeveloperWorks, and so on. Usually pretty useful both for learning new techniques and keeping an eye on what other people are doing. Several of the boards, particularly on CodeProject, have been getting hot and bothered lately about the declining quality of questions being asked on the public lists; one large category of these is "affectionately" known as "homework questions'. These usually aren't for actual classwork. A more typical scenario seems to go like this: Sanjay is brought into an outsourced project because his agency assures the client that he's a hotshot — fully qualified in J2EE, PHP, XML, RPC and LSMFT (obviously a key qualification, but since the client HR person is neither technical nor over 40, it just appears to be "tech jargon.")

The client manager thinks, "I'll have to let a couple of my other guys go to stay in budget, but if this guy can save our bacon, it's worth it." Sanjay starts one bright Monday morning at 9.00,, gets the usual here's-where-things-are spiel, sits around (billing time) waiting for his computer to be set up and connected to the network (these things almost never happen before the warm body shows up), and by 1 PM is browsing the codebase for the project. By 1.30, he's on the Web, posting questions on sites that make it absolutely, crystal clear that he wouldn't know his ear from a hole in the ground if you gave him a flashlight, a map and six hours' head start.

The most extreme example of this I've personally witnessed was when I was part of a team consulting to a major Southeast Asian telecoms firm, working on integrating the homegrown billing system that one division used into the (telecom-)industry-standard one used by most of the rest of the company. This benefited greatly from knowledge of Java, of both Linux and Windows, and especially of the commercial system which was the target for the migration. The firm which produces this system, in true Java-ecosystem fashion, offers their own training which leads to certification in various aspects of the system. The team had a good mix of knowledge and experience, with the single yellow flag being that the major new-system expert was a member of the client's staff. After being encouraged to bring our own domain expert in (apparently so the client could reassign the existing one if desired), our headquarters (in India) found the "perfect guy". He had Java and J2EE certificates. He had a BSCS from "one of the top universities" in India. He had all the certifications the vendor offered. Oops, they were all for the previous version of the system....but this guy could, on paper, walk on water as far as our project's needs were concerned. So we flew him out from Bangalore. We had, as I recall, six weeks before major schedule slips would hit the fan.

A month later, my team manager and I sat watching this guy type in sample programs from the manual, try to build them, watch them fail, erase everything and start over. The manager said to me, "well, why don't you and (the junior guy on the team) start trying to pick up the pieces? Maybe you can pull something out." Then we noticed something else that was interesting. The client manager kept saying nice things about the "expert", how diligent and hardworking he was. He started taking the expert out for lunch and so on. My manager and I were in shock: this guy had already cut into the project for thousands of dollars and had yet to produce a single project artifact. Worse, in our view, his "experience" and "qualifications" were obviously complete fabrications. Headquarters (back in India), however, wouldn't send out a replacement because they had been told that the client was happy with the guy. We started looking around for brown-projectile-proof mackintoshes, anticipating the storm sure to come. And it did, eventually — shortly after the "expert" failed to follow explicit, idiot-proof instructions on how to extend his visa so he wouldn't have to go back home. Instead of buying a round-trip bus ticket to Singapore, he bought a one-way ticket, later claiming he wasn't sure which bus he'd want to take back up. The Singapore immigration officials blocked him from entering Singapore as they had no reasonable assurance of when he'd leave. The Malaysians wouldn't let him back in because his (tourist) visa had expired that day and he'd need to enter another country before reentering Malaysia. After several frantic midnight telephone calls and (I was later told) negotiation and pleas from our firm and the client, he was unceremoniously dumped on a plane back home, and our firm was billed for a full-fare coach ticket. The client manager became upset because his buddy, the "expert" was nowhere to be found and on no notice, at that.

Why am I blathering about all this now, several years after the event? My ire was raised by one of these "homework questions" I'd mentioned earlier, this time posted on the WeberDev general PHP forum. Entitled "Which is compatible PHP or Java with SQL SERVER 2005", the writer, using the nick "kumarsudu", starts out with...

Hi All, I would like to know which one is have compatible 1. PHP with SQL SERVER 2005 2. Java with SQL SERVER 2005 as i have to develop a project, ...

As another popular forum's members often ask, "how many WTFs are there in this message?" The mind reels. Asking totally nonsensical, absolutely open-ended questions on technical sites and lists is now at a flood stage not seen since the AOL infection of the Internet back in the early 1990s. The writer, besides the sterling specificity of the question as mentioned earlier, shows little knowledge of or interest in proper use of the English language (despite ample materials and information available online as well as off).

It pains me that:

• a person of such deliberate ignorance and lack of brilliance would not only choose to waste my and other readers' time with the request to do his work for him;
• any contracting agency would have such miserably low non-standards that this guy would even get the time of day, let alone a job for which there are an ample supply of other (by definition more qualified) candidates for (granted, they may have to raise their pay to a level higher than a fast-food burger-flipper);
• any client company would not only pay money for such an individual, but continue to do business with the "recruiter" that brought him in;
• there are no project-local, competent individuals whom this writer could ask for help, who would apply appropriate informational and organizational responses to the question; and finally
• that the prevailing business contempt of software development has sunk so low that this type of thing is more unusual for the fact that anyone bothered to notice it than that it happens at all. Would you want to fly with an airline whose pilots were the cheapest available, using forged certificates and qualifications to highlight (non-existent) experience? If your answer to that question is anything less emphatic than "hell no!," please inform me of your flying plans so that I may ensure that I am neither flying nor anywhere on the ground along your route during such a flight.

The "project" mentioned by the initial writer, if performed by individuals of this apparent calibre, is highly likely to fail — wasting the client's time and money, leaving the client wih a problem that still needs to be solved, and continuing to erode the opinions of the client and the client's associates of the business value of software, since, obviously "IT projects always fail."